Abstract: In order to compare the differences in nutritional quality between Guinea fowl and Royal chicken, the Guinea fowls and Royal chicken raised in huangxianggou ranch in weiyuan county of Gansu province were selected.The contents of regular nutritional components, amino acids, fatty acid and IMP content were measured and analyzed by national standard methods to provide theoretical basis for their production and processing.The results showed that the contents of crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash in Guinea fowl were significantly higher than that of Royal chicken (p < 0.05), and the content of moisture was higher than that of Royal chicken (p < 0.05).The content of all the amino acids excepted histidine in Guinea fowl were higher than that of the Royal chicken.Compared with 29 kinds of fatty acids in the Royal chicken, fatty acids in Guinea fowl were composed with 32 kinds, and the palmitic acid, linoleic acid, DHA, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and EPA were significantly higher than that of the Royal chicken (p < 0.05), while the contents of oleic acid and C₂0:3n6 were significantly lower than that of the Royal chicken (p < 0.05).According to the recommendation of the n-3/n-6 ratio of PUFA and the ratio of PUFAs/SAFAs by HMSO, Guinea fowl was better than Royal chicken for our health.After 8 h in 4℃ refrigerated, the content of IMP, ADP, Hx and HxR in Guinea fowl was significantly higher than that of Royal chicken (p < 0.05).ATP was not detected, while the differences in AMP content was not significant.Therefore, the meat quality of Guinea fowl would be better than that of Royal chicken for our health.