Abstract: The diversity of bacteria microflora of 3 bacterial microbiota samples of acidic-gruel collected from Inner Mongolia were studied by MiSeq high throughput sequencing technique. The results indicated that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla in acidic-gruel samples, with the average relative abundance of 87.45% and 11.84%. At the genera level, relatively abundant more than 1.0% of total bacteria in this population included Lactobacillus and Acetobacter, with the average relative abundance of 87.23% and 11.67%. At the OTU level, 13 OTUs were shared by all samples, and 8 OTUs were identified as Lactobacillus and 5 OTUs were identified as Acetobacter. In total, 9 isolates were obtained from 3 samples by conventional microbiological methods, and all these strains belonged to Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus curvatus. Thus, the domain bacteriums of acidic-gruel collected from Inner Mongolia were Lactobacillus and Acetobacter.