薇甘菊及其栽培的巨大口蘑营养成分研究

吴英; 高亿波; 马紫英; 谢伟忠; 叶烘华; 刘春燕; 邱仕奇; 黄茂俊; 喻晓明; 许少嫦; 莫美华

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2018.11.010

薇甘菊及其栽培的巨大口蘑营养成分研究

Study on nutritional components of Mikania micrantha and its cultivated Tricholoma giganteum

摘要

摘要: 目的:探究利用薇甘菊栽培巨大口蘑的可行性及意义。实验方法:实验测定了薇甘菊的营养成分,初步尝试了利用薇甘菊替代培养基中部分蔗渣栽培巨大口蘑,并测定了栽培的巨大口蘑营养成分。结果:薇甘菊的灰分、总糖、粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量分别为15.71%、0.13%、18.94%、0.09%、1.40%,水分含量为68.34%。配方3与配方4在完成菌丝生长、原基形成和收获时间上差异不显著(p>0.05),但在有效原基数和产量上差异显著(p≤0.05),它们的有效原基数分别为5.17、9.47 个/瓶,产量分别为396.39、718.29 g/瓶。配方4栽培的巨大口蘑的总糖、粗纤维和灰分含量分别为15.71%、21.40%、8.20%,均高于配方1、配方2、配方3,而粗脂肪(1.90%)和粗蛋白(27.52%)含量则低于它们3.03%,3.44%,4.65%(粗脂肪),30.08%,30.15%,31.55%(粗蛋白)(p≤0.05)。配方4栽培的巨大口蘑钾、钠、镁、锌含量分别为37447.5、575.83、1536.94、83.38 mg/kg,显著高于配方3的含量35513.77、406.92、882.49、69.26 mg/kg(p<0.05),而钙(97.12 mg/kg)、铁(39.43 mg/kg)含量则低于配方3的497.07、45.45 mg/kg。结论:薇甘菊是栽培巨大口蘑的一个很好材料,用其栽培的巨大口蘑蛋白质、钙、铁含量较高,这为薇甘菊栽培巨大口蘑的进一步开发和利用提供了理论依据,也为薇甘菊的综合防治提供了新方法。

Abstract: Objective:Explore the possibility and significance of cultivation of Tricholoma giganteum with Mikania micrantha. Methods:The nutrient composition of M. micrantha was determined by conventional method. T. giganteum was cultivated by using M. micrantha as one of the substrate in T. giganteum culture medium, and the nutrient contents of the cultured T. giganteum were determined. Results:The contents of ash, total sugar, crude fiber, crude fat and crude protein of M. micrantha were 15.71%, 0.13%, 18.94%, 0.09% and 1.4% in dry weight, respectively, and the water content in fresh M. micrantha was 68.34%. There were not significant different in the completion time of mycelial growth (p>0.05), primordium formation time and harvest time between Formula 3 and Formula 4, but they have significantly difference from Formula 1 and Formula 2 (p ≤ 0.05). There were significantly different in the effective primordia and yield of Formulas 3 and Formula 4 (p ≤ 0.05), their effective primordia were 5.17, 9.47 no./bottle, and yield were 396.39, 718.29 g/bottle, respectively. The total sugar, crude fiber and ash content of T. giganteum cultivated with Formula 4 were 15.71%, 21.40%, 8.20%, respectively, they were higher than that of Formula 1, Formula 2 and Formula 3, while crude fat (1.90%) and crude protein contents (27.52%) were lower than them (p ≤ 0.05), which were 3.03%, 3.44%, 4.65% and 30.08%, 30.15%, 31.55%, respectively. The contents of potassium, sodium, magnesium and zinc of the T. giganteum cultivated in Formula 4 were 37447.5, 575.83, 1536.94, 83.38 mg/kg, respectively, and they were significantly higher than that of Formula 3, which were 35513.77, 406.92, 882.49, 69.26 mg/kg (p<0.05), while the contents of calcium (97.12 mg/kg) and iron (39.43 mg/kg) were lower than those of Formula 3, which were 497.07, 45.45 mg/kg (p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion:M. micrantha is a very good material for cultivating T. giganteum, with high contents of protein, calcium and iron. This result provides a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of M. micrantha in T. giganteum cultivation, and obtains a new method for the comprehensive control of M. micrantha.