Abstract: Pinus koraiensis oil is a kind of natural plant oil extracted from Korean pine nut,which is rich in linoleic acid,oleic acid and pinolenic acid.Pinolenic acid is peculiar to pine nut oil,has many physiological functionssuch as weight loss,lipid lowering,immune enhancement,anti-inflammation,antioxidation,insulin sensitivity enhancement and anti-cancer metastasis.Pinolenic acid esterification occurs mainly in sn-3 position of the pine nut oil triglycerides,and it is well known that the fatty acids at sn-2position are more likely to be effectively absorbed by human body.Therefore,the modification of pinolenic acid has important research significance. In this paper,the physiological functions of pinolenic acid and its modification status were described,and its application in food,medicine and other fields were also suggested.