Abstract: Biological preservative has the characteristics of natural,non-toxic and so on,and was more and more favored by people,it has a broad application prospect in the preservation of fruits and vegetables. The definition and mechanism of the biological preservative were summarized firstly,and then elaborated the study status of the biological preservative applicable to fruits and vegetables in the world from four aspects:plant,animal,microbiological and enzyme,the problems existing were also analyzed during the development of the fruit and vegetable preservation,and finally the application prospect was made in order to provide reference for the in-depth study of the application of the biological preservative agent in the preservation of the fruits and vegetables.