Abstract: The core-shell nanoparticles, which took gold nanoparticle as core and molecular imprinted polymer as shell, were prepared by covering the polyacrylamide aflatoxin B1 molecular imprinted polymer around the gold nanoparticles.The aflatoxin B1 molecules could be captured by the specificity holes in polyacrylamide shell, then got into the effective range of plasma resonance magnetic field of gold nanoparticles to achieve the SERS detection of aflatoxin B1.The linear range of detection varies from 3 × 10^-11 to 3 × 10^-4mol/L, the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.982, and the limit of detection reaches up to 3 ×10^-11mol/L. This method could be applied into the detection of aflatoxin B1 in edible oil samples.The content of aflatoxin B1 was between 4.65 × 10^-9mol/L and 4.98 × 10^-5mol/L, the recovery rate of sample varies from 89.84% to 101.24%, and the relative standard deviation was from 4.51% to 13.11%. The results showed that this method is rapid and accurate and convenient, as well as can be used for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 in edible oil.