Abstract: In recent years, the study on the biological activity of anthocyanin has become one of the focuses in the field of health food research, and has received recent attention.This paper mainly reviewed the research status and trends of anthocyanin compounds bioactivity and structural characteristic, and pointed out that the anthocyanin had many fuctions, such as physiological antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-mutation, prevention of cardiovascular disease, chronic disease that lead obesity, which is very significant to research of anthocyanin monomer, establish a systematic method of separating anthocyanin monomer, further research of anthocyanins and development of series products.