Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of oligosaccharides on the proliferation of Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis CICC 6178 in soybean residue fermented by Neurospora crassa. Methods: The growth curve, maximum growth rates, lag parameters, p H value of fermentation broth and substrate consumption rate were determined by incubating Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis CICC 6178 for 48 h.Results: The maximal absorbance, p H reduction value and substrate consumption rate of the fermentation broth of Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 of2 g/L fermented soybean residue oligosaccharides group were lower than those of 2 g/L inulin group ( positive control group) .The maximal absorbance, p H reduction value and substrate consumption rate of the fermentation broth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CICC 6178 of 2 g/L fermented soybean residue oligosaccharides group were higher than those of 2 g/L inulin group.The maximum growth rates of all fermented soybean residue oligosaccharides groups to the two probiotics were greater than those of 2 g/L inulin group, the lag parameters of Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 of 2, 6 g/L fermented soybean residue oligosaccharides groups were less than those of 2 g/L inulin group. The lag parameters of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CICC6178 of all fermented soybean residue oligosaccharides groups were more than 2 g/L inulin group.Conclusion: The proliferation effect of Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 of oligosaccharides in soybean residue fermented by Neurospora crassa was worse than that of inulin, the proliferation effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CICC 6178 of oligosaccharides in soybean residue fermented by Neurospora crassa was better than that of inulin.