Abstract: In recent years, the aptamer has attracted much attention due to their advantages including high specificity, high affinity, and easy to modify and functional. Additionally, fluorescent nanomaterials have been widely investigated as novel marking materials for their unique luminescent properties.A novel fluorescent probe with good selectivity, high stability and high sensitivity can be developed by combining the specific binding ability of aptamer with luminescent properties of fluorescent nanomaterials.Recently, the establishment of simple and efficient detection technology based on the above probe has become a hot spot in the field of food safety detection and analysis.In this review, the detection principle and classification of the probe were summed up.Its application in quantification of harmful chemical substances, and pathogenic microorganisms in food safety and detection were then emphatically introduced.Finally, the future development trends of this technique were prospected.