杂色蛤水煮液的营养和风味成分分析
Analysis of nutritional composition and flavor compounds in boiled clam liquid
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摘要: 本文以杂色蛤加工废弃水煮液为原料,对不同煮制次数水煮液的基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成等进行系统分析,并对其挥发性风味物质组成进行了研究。结果表明,一次、二次、三次水煮液的固形物含量分别为0.84%、1.43%、2.35%,粗蛋白(32.02%32.95%)和灰分(50.40%54.60%)含量相对较高,粗脂肪含量(0.63%1.07%)较低;总氨基酸中,必需氨基酸占22.16%23.38%;脂肪酸中EPA(20c∶5(n-3))和DHA(22c∶6(n-3))含量分别为8.85%10.86%和6.52%7.38%;游离氨基酸中含量最高的是甘氨酸和丙氨酸,鲜味氨基酸为3.003.59 mg/g,甜味氨基酸为49.8853.19 mg/g。杂色蛤水煮液中共检测到42种挥发性风味化合物,其中芳香族化合物4种、醛类2种,醇类1种,酮类1种,酸类1种,其余为烷烃类。杂色蛤加工废弃水煮液仍保留有丰富的营养和风味成分,对其进行回收利用不仅可以减少环境污染,同时也可提高产品附加值。Abstract: The nutrient composition,amino acid composition and fatty acid composition in boiled clam liquid with different boiled times was analyzed. Furthermore,the volatile flavor compounds in boiled clam liquid were analyzed as well. Results showed that,soluble solids in boiled clam liquid with different boiled times were 0.84%( once),1.43%( twice) and 2.35%( third),respectively.There was no significant difference between the three times boiled liquid.Calculated in dry weight,the boiled liquid was rich in crude protein( 32.02% ~ 32.95%) and minerals( 50.40% ~ 54.60%),but low content in crude fat( 0.63% ~ 1.07%). Total amino acids composition was close to the ideal model,essential amino acids were accounting for22.16% ~23.38%,which indicated a good balance of amino acids composition. The content of oleic acid was the highest in monounsaturated fatty acids,EPA( 20 c ∶ 5( n-3)) and DHA( 22 c ∶ 6( n-3)) occupying 8.85% ~ 10.86% and 6.52% ~ 7.38%respectively.For flavor compounds,glutamic acid and alanine acid were the most abundant free amino acids.The total content of umami and sweetness amino acids were 3.00 ~ 3.59 mg / g and 49.88 ~ 53.19 mg / g respectively. A total of 42 volatile flavor compounds were identified in boiled clam liquid,beside alkanes,which were mainly consisting of 4 aromatic,2 aldehydes,1alcohols,1 ketones and 1 acid.In sum,as a byproduct from clam processing,boiled clam liquid processed a characteristic clam aroma as well as rich in nutrient components.Recovery and utilization of the boiled clam liquid may increase economic benefit and reduce environmental pollution.