Abstract: The basic physical and chemical properties and structure of rubber seed oil was analyzed and characterized,the fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC- MS,the structure was characterized by FTIR,1H NMR,and13 C NMR,and the thermal property was analyzed by DSC and TG,results demonstrated that the iodine value of rubber seed oil was 137.64 g·100 g- 1,the theoretical double bond was 4.63( C = C)·100 g- 1,and the maximum theoretical epoxy value was 7.98%·100 g- 1,the rubber seed oil mainly contained palmitic acid( 5.40%),stearic acid( 8.27%),oleic acid( 20.32%),linoleic acid( 37.05%),and linolenic acid( 28.72%),the content of unsaturated fatty acid was up to 86.09%. A large number of double bond in the triglycerides structure of rubber seed oil which located 9,12,and 15 of fatty acid chain,in addition,the rubber seed oil had relatively high thermal stability that temperature of the maximum weight loss rate was 404 ℃. Rubber seed oil which has high degree of unsaturation,large chemical modification space,and good thermal stability which can be used as potential renewable resources to substitute for petrochemical material.