Abstract: The morphological characteristics,growth rate,and the difference of the contents of polysaccharides and triterpenoids of monokaryotic mycelium and dikaryotic mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum were compared.Meanwhile,the fingerprint of triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method and the expression levels of six triterpeniods enzyme genes were analyzed by real- time quantitative PCR.The result showed that the dikaryotic strain J-7 / AL-2 grew vigorously and neatly while monokaryotic strain grew weaker.The growth rate of dikaryotic strain( 0.55 cm / d) was significantly faster than that of the two strains( p < 0.05).The content of polysaccharide of monokaryotic strain J-7( 42.11 mg / g) was higher than dikaryotic strain out of 20.8%. The content of the triterpenoids( 42.54 mg / g) was significantly higher than that of monokaryotic strain about 30%( p < 0.05).The result of HPLC showed that there was a certain difference between the fingerprints of dikaryotic strain and two monokaryotic strains and the similarity was 0.82. But the triterpenoids compounds of two monokaryotic strains had the highest similarity at 0.96.The result of real- time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of six triterpeniods enzyme genes in dikaryotic strain J-7 / AL-2 was much more than two monokaryotic strains because of synergistic gene expression effect.