Abstract: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is the degradation due to heat,and produces through the Maillard reaction and decomposition of hexoses.It is widely presented with a high content in our lives such as plants,medicine and food that comprise high content of sugar.The discussion on 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural become the hot in recent years.In this review,the latest research advances at home and abroad on biological safety and biological activity of5-Hydroxymethylfurfural were introduced. And the mechanism of its biological activity was further expounded on the basis of previous studies.