Abstract: Microencapsulation is a new technology that has been widely used in oil,favors,pharmaceutical controlled release among relative industry. This review focused mainly on the different microencapsulation technology by various encapsulated method.And the process and protection of microencapsulation that has effect on the microorganism was evaluated in this review. Moreover,the materials of capsule wall that have importantly functional role not only provide the protective effect,but also those improve the efficiency of mass transfer of nutrients and metabolic substances.