葡萄赭曲霉毒素污染及其产毒素菌株的筛选方法研究进展
Advance of research on ochratoxin contamination in grapes and screening methods of toxin producing strains
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摘要: 赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin,OTA)是由曲霉属和青霉属等真菌产生的一类真菌毒素,其毒性很强,分布广泛,对人类和动植物的健康有着巨大的影响。葡萄及其制品是食品中OTA的主要来源之一,从病害的葡萄表面筛选分离产生赭曲霉毒素的菌株是最常用的研究产毒素菌株的方法。由于产毒素菌株主要分布在葡萄果实的表面,葡萄组织受损后会极大提高赭曲霉素的污染程度,研究产毒菌株分布及产毒素能力对控制赭曲霉素污染及寻找一种有效地生物防治方法提供参考。本文综述了葡萄赭曲霉毒素的污染情况及其产毒素菌株的筛选方法,为控制葡萄及其产品中的OTA污染提供依据。Abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA) was a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi.OTA had a huge impact on human and animal health due to its strong toxicity and wide distribution. Grape and its products were one of the main sources of food for OTA. Isolation and screening of strains producing ochratoxin from the surface of diseased grapes was the most commonly used method to research toxigenic strains. Because the toxigenic strains were mainly distributed in the the surface of grapes, theochratoxin contamination levels would be greatly increased when the grape tissue was damaged. Study the distribution of toxigenic strains and its ability of producing toxins provides reference for controlling ochratoxin pollution and finding an effective biological control method. This paper reviewed the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in grape and the screening methods of mycotoxin producing strains, which provided the basis for the control of OTA pollution in the grape and its products.