Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of different dose of sanshool on rats' intestinal health.Methods: 40 female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 according to the weight, which included control group rats ( LOD) , high-fat group namely blank group ( HF-LOD) , high-fat fed 4mg /kg /d ( HF-CD) , high-fat fed 8mg /kg /d ( HF-MD) , high-fat fed 12mg /kg /d ( HF-HD) Sanshool Solubled in Soybean oil.During the feeding, feed and water intake freely, after 4 weeks of feeding, cecum quality, cecal contents, cecal tissue weight, cecal contents, free ammonia, short chain fatty acids and microorganism in the cecum were determined.Results: Contrasted with blank control group, feed intake, feed efficiency and cecal area in high-fat group increased significantly, bifidobacterium significantly reduced.Compared with the control group, each dose of the weight gain, feed efficiency, lactic acid bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and bifidobacteria of the high- fat group increased significantly, the cecal area significantly reduced, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, total SCFAs in the middle dose group increased significantly, enterococci significantly reduced, E. coli in the middle and high dose group significantly reduced. Conclusion: High- fat diet will extend the digestion and inhibit the growth of intestinal bacteria, Sanshool can improve a variety of intestinal bad reactions caused by the high fat diet and promote intestinal fermentation and the growth of beneficial bacteria.