Abstract: The present study was to investigate buckwheat bee pollen in terms of its antioxidant capacities and its ability to promote the proliferation of bone marrow stem cells.The water extract of buckwheat bee pollen ( WEBBP) performed better than its ethanol extract in radical scavenging and stem cell pro- proliferation. Afterwards the protective effect of WEBBP on irradiated bone marrow stem cells were studied and its components were determined.The results showed that both water and alcohol extracts of buckwheat bee pollen showed dose- dependent antioxidant abilities.WEBBP demonstrated a better capacity in promoting stem cell proliferation ( 74.74%) than its alcohol extract.The main components of WEBBP were carbohydrate and protein.In addition, it had varieties of amino acids, with glutamate being the highest in content, followed by aspartate, lysine, threonine and serine. The monosaccharide components of WEBBP's carbohydrates were measured. They concluded ribose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose, with a molar ratio of 0.35∶0.95∶27.78∶0.93∶1.70∶13.19∶16.16.