Abstract: Hot water extraction was applied in the experiment to extract polysaccharides from pileus of Dictyophora echinovolvata.The optimal extraction conditions were obtained through single factor test and response surface methodology (RSM) .Besides, antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides in vitro was investigated by using reducing power, superoxide radical assay, DPPH· scavenge, activity and hydroxyl radical assay, using Vitamin C as a positive control.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows:extraction temperature 95℃, ratio of material to solvent 1 ∶ 39g /mL, extraction times 3, extraction time 3.5h.Under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 12.13%.The antioxidation experiments indicated that the polysaccharide had a good reducing power and free radical scavenging activity, Dictyophora echinovolvata was a substance with high antioxidant activity.