Abstract: Based on the strategy of Chinese tradition medicine fingerprint,Gas chromatography(GC) fingerprint with 16 oil samples,including 7 kinds of edible oil and 9 kinds of illegal cooking oil,was established,in which the RSD of relative peak areas and retention time of 12 common peaks in precision and repeatability were less than 2.6% and 6.1%,respectively. Then,illegal cooking oil discrimination model was established,by processing data of 12 common peaks from 16 samples in principal component analysis (PAC) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS -DA ). Results showed that the method was pattern recognition for identification edible oil and illegal cooking oil. This method was simple,fast,efficient and convenient popularization;it could be used for rapid identification of illegal cooking oil by only using gas chromatography (GC) combined with chemometrics analysis.