Abstract: Bifidobacterium is an important interestinal probiotic of humans and animals which has close relationship to many physiological and pathological phenomena, and Bifidobacterium has become an important indicator for human health. It has been being a hot field for its regulation of intestinal , reducing cholesterol , anti-tumor , delaying human aging and other physiological regulatory functions for intensive study. This paper reviews mainly domestic and international advances in recent research on the hot physiological functions of Bifidobacterium and its application. Besides, the development prospect of Bifidobacterium based on the current situation and existing problems were also provided.