Abstract: Objective:To study the anti-fatigue effects of rosavin extracted from Rhodiola rosea L. in mice. Methods:The mice were randomly divided into five groups including the control group administered with physiological saline, three rosavin groups administered with doses of 60, 180, 360mg/kg mb rosavin and salidroside group (180mg/kg mb) for 30 consecutive days, respectively. And the level of muscle lactate, liver and muscle glycogen, serum urea nitrogen and the exhaustive swimming time were determined after swimming test. Results:Compared with control group, different doses of rosavin significantly extended the swimming time (p<0.05) and increased the contents of liver (p<0.05) and muscle glycogen, while reducing that of lactate in muscle significantly (p<0.05) . Salidroside was slightly better than rosavin in the anti-fatigue effects of the same dose. But there was no significant difference in rosavin and salidroside (p>0.05) . Conclusion:rosavin had anti-fatigue effect on mice.