Abstract: 3-Monochloropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) is a well-known contaminant that has been detected in a wide range of foods, originally identified in foods prepared by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. More recently, fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD, which could release free of 3-MCPD by hydrolysis, have been found in various types of foods, most notably high levels were measured in refined vegetable oils. Studies have been found that 3-MCPD have clear toxic effect with species and site specific in rodents. In this paper, the domestic and foreign toxicological researches were reviewed, which related to metabolic pathways of 3-MCPD. The toxicity of 3-MCPD were discussed in detail from the aspect of short-term toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity. On these bases, further toxicological research directions were pointed out.