啤酒酵母油脂的超高压提取
Extraction of brewer's yeast oil using ultra high pressure process
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摘要: 采用单因素实验和正交实验方法研究溶剂、液固比、压力和处理时间对酵母油脂提取率的影响,探讨超高压处理对啤酒酵母油脂提取的工艺条件,并对确定的最佳提取条件进行验证,以GC-MS法分析酵母油脂的主要成分。结果表明,以20倍（v:m）95%的乙醇为溶剂,在400MPa的压力下提取7min时,酵母油脂的提取率最高,为3.7469%,为索氏提取法测得的酵母油脂含量的72.11%。所得油脂中,总脂肪酸占45.87%,其中不饱和脂肪酸占34.90%,中性脂占46.84%,磷脂占总油脂含量的7.25%。不饱和脂肪酸以油酸、棕榈油酸和亚油酸为主占大多数。由此说明,超高压提取技术可应用于酵母油脂的提取加工,其提取时间明显缩短,但提取率略低于索氏提取法。酵母油脂的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,可用于医药保健品的开发。Abstract: The process conditions of ultra high-pressure extraction of brewer's yeast were studied.The single-factor experiment and the orthogonal test were adopted to research the influences of solvent, liquid-solid ratio, pressure and time on the extraction yield of yeast oil.The verification of optimal conditions for oil extraction was carried out, and the yeast oil compositions were analyzed by GC-MS method.Results showed that the optimal conditions for yeast oil extraction were as fallows:the ration of solvent to solid was 20:1 (v:m) , using 95% ethanol as the solvent, under the pressure of 400MPa, extracting for 7min, the highest yeast oil yield of 3.7469% obtained to the original yeast biomass.This yield was the 72.11% ratio to the total content detected by the soxhlet extraction.The total fatty acid content was 45.87% in yeast oil.Among which, 34.90% of the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) with oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acid composing the vast majority components.The yeast oil also content 46.84% of triglycerides and 7.25% of phospholipids.The ultra high-pressure extract technology could be used in the yeast oil extract process with extremely shorter the time of extract than that of the soxhlet extraction.The yeast oil containing abundant unsaturated fatty acid could be used as drug and functional food.
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