Abstract: Two detective methods in food microbiology have been compared in this paper.One is the national standardization method of food hygiene (GB 4789.1-94) , the part of microbiology detection, the other is the membrane filter technique, which is widely used in foreign countries.The comparisons include the accuracy, the time and the cost in the detection of total bacteria;E.coli;mould;saccharomyate.The conclusions are as follows:the detective result of the two methods has no difference at the accuracy, and the later takes less time in the operation as well as culture.The cost of the later is higher than the former relatively.Additionally, the later has more unique advantages.